Primeros auxilios psicológicos: una estrategia para reforzar la salud mental de las comunidades en tiempos de pandemia
Abstract
Introduction: The coronavirus pandemic has caused significant levels of distress in the population. As it progresses, the mental health burden is likely to increase and the responsiveness of the Health Network will be overwhelmed. The implementation of Psychological First Aid appears as a response element of the community. This article will expose its definition, evidence and essential concepts for the application of them in the current context of pandemic. Methods: A literature review is carried out. Psychological first aid involves providing immediate support to people experiencing a recent and serious crisis. These can be provided by anyone trained, being a community tool with the power to reach a large number of individuals. Distance communication resources could be an alternative to achieve greater coverage when using this psychological support. Results: The evidence on the training, implementation and effectiveness of psychological first aid is limited. This lack of evidence does not prove the absence of a useful effect, but rather the need for future studies on the effectiveness of these early interventions. Conclusions: Psychological first aid has emerged as a low-cost and potentially effective strategy in the context of a pandemic, justifying basic training in them, in preparation for other disasters. This pandemic is an opportunity for research, although there are doubts regarding the application of psychological first aid by remote means.Keywords:
community mental health services,, COVID-10, pandemics, psychological adaptationReferences
Shah K, Bedi S, Onyeaka H, Singh R, Chaudhari G. The Role of Psychological First Aid to Support Public Mental Health in the COVID-19 Pandemic. Cureus. 2020; 12: p6.
Maunder R G, Leszcz M, Savage D, Adam M A, Peladeau N, Romano D, Schulman, R B, et al. Applying the lessons of SARS to pandemic influenza. Canadian Journal of Public Health. 2008; 99(6): 486-488.
Dong L, Bouey J. Public mental health crisis during COVID-19 pandemic, China. Emerg Infect Dis. 2020; 26(7): 10-3201.
Brooks S K, Webster R, Smith L E, Woodland L, Wessely S, Greenberg N, Rubin, G J. The psychological impact of quarantine and how
to reduce it: rapid review of the evidence. The Lancet. 2020.
Wikipedia. Template: COVID-19 pandemic data. Recuperado el 14 de Septiembre de 2020 de: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/
Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data.
COVID Team CDC, et al. Characteristics of Health Care Personnel with COVID-19-United States, February 12-April 9, 2020. https://
www. cdc. gov/mmwr/volumes/69/wr/pdfs/mm6915e6-H. pdf, 2020.
Jara A. (20 abril de 2020). Cifra de personal de salud contagiado por Covid-19 se duplica en los últimos quince días. https://www.latercera.com
McCabe O L, Everly G S, Brown L, Wendelboe A, Abd Hamid N, Tallchief V, Links J M. Psychological first aid: A consensus-derived,
empirically supported, competency-based training model. American journal of public health: 2014;104(4): 621-628.
Organización Mundial de la Salud. Primera ayuda psicológica: Guía para trabajadores de campo. 2012.
Minihan E, Gavin B, Kelly B D,McNicholas F. Covid-19, Mental Health and Psychological First Aid. Irish Journal of Psychological Medicine, 2020; 1-12.
Fox J H, Burkle F, Bass J, Pia F A, Epstein J, Markenson D. The effectiveness of psychological first aid as a disaster intervention tool:
research analysis of peer-reviewed literature from 1990-2010. Disaster medicine and public health preparedness, 2012; 6(3): 247-252.
Jacobs G, Gray B L, Erickson S E, Gonzalez E, Quevillon R. Disaster mental health and community‐based psychological first aid:
Concepts and education/training. Journal of clinical psychology, 2016; 72(12): 1307-1317.
Alexander D A. Psychological intervention for victims and helpers after disasters. British Journal of General Practice, 1990; 40(337):
-348.
Cénat J M, Mukunzi, J N, Noorishad P G, Rousseau C, Derivois, D, Bukaka, J. A systematic review of mental health programs
among populations affected by the Ebola virus disease. Journal of Psychosomatic Research. 2020; 131: p109966.
Shah K, Kamrai D, Mekala H, Mann B, Desai K, Patel R S. Focus on mental health during the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic:
applying learnings from the past outbreaks. Cureus, 2020; 12(3).
Cortés P, Figueroa R. Manual ABCDE para la aplicación de Primeros Auxilios Psicológicos: En crisis individuales y colectivas. Santiago
de Chile: PUC/CIGIDEN. 2008.
Dieltjens T, Moonens I, Van Praet K, De Buck E, Vandekerckhove P. A systematic literature search on psychological first aid: lack of evidence to develop guidelines. PloS one, 2014; 9(12): e114714.
Kitchener B A, Jorm A F. Mental Health First Aid: an international programme for early intervention. Early Intervention in Psychiatry,
; 2(1): 55-61
Kitchener B A, Jorm A F. Mental health first aid training in a workplace setting: a randomized controlled trial [ISRCTN13249129].
BMC psychiatry, 2004; 4(1): 23.
Morgan A J, Ross A, Reavley N J. Systematic review and meta-analysis of Mental Health First Aid training: Effects on knowledge, stigma,
and helping behaviour. PLoS One, 2018; 13(5): e0197102.
Kitchener B A, Jorm A F. Mental health first aid training: review of evaluation studies. Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry,
; 40(1): 6-8.
Davies E B, Beever E,Glazebrook C. A pilot randomised controlled study of the mental health first aid eLearning course with UK
medical students. BMC medical education, 2018; 18(1): 45.
